Premarital Sex Behaviors of Teenagers: a Case in Bali, Indonesia

This study aims at describing premarital sex behavior as well as to analyze peers impact on premarital sexual behavior of teenagers. The study was conducted in Bali, Indonesia. This is an analytic observational research that applied cross-sectional approach. The subject was 566 teenagers who were studying at Senior High Schools in Buleleng, Bali. Data was collected using a questionnaire. We examined the validity and reliability of the data before analyzed it. We also collected data through interviews. After being analyzed by logistic regression analysis, the data shows that 47% of teenagers have  never watched porn, 35.9% of teenagers have never conducted kissing activity (with their partner), 24.7% of teenagers have never conducted sexuality rub toward their sexual organs, 22.8% of teenagers have ever masturbated, and 13.1% of teenagers have never experienced sexual intercourse. Teenagers who have got the correct information from peers are possible to have better premarital sex behaviors, 2 times greater than those who have not got correct information (OR = 2; p = 0.003). It is also found that teenagers who have got a good emotional relationship with peers are more possible to have better premarital sex behavior life, 3 times greater, than teenagers who have got a less emotional relationship with peers (OR = 3; p = 0.000). It is concluded that, statistically, there is significant influence between peers and premarital sex behaviors of teenagers in Indonesia

Qualitative Study on Pet-Related Human Behaviour and Other Risk Factors of Rabies in Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Bali has been an endemic province since 2008. Rabies cause specific death was 8, 1, and 2, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Number of dog or cat bites was 55836, 44690, and 46877, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The study aimed to explore pet-related human behavior and other risk factors of rabies in Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted in poor communities living in Bulian village, Kubutambahan sub-district, Buleleng district, Bali. Twenty households were purposively selected for this study. The key informants included household members, heads of hamlet, and head of village. The data were collected by in-depth interview, direct observation, and document review. RESULTS: House condition and sanitation were acceptable, despite low socio-economic position of community members. Dog population was high. Most of them lived wild, unattended, or did not have identity neck-lace. Ten out of 20 household interviewed reported that their members were bitten by dog over the past year. Most of the dogs had never been vaccinated. Most of the villagers had poor knowledge and practice on how to treat wounds. Villagers usually let the dogs that had bitten human to live free or killed them immediately. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled of dog population, widespread unvacci-nated dogs, uncontrolled dog mobility, lack of proper knowledge and practice on wound treatment, were the main risk factors of rabies incidence. Keywords: rabies, dog bite, pet-related human behavior, risk facto

Factors Associated Mosquito Larvae Eradication and Early Management of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever among Poor Community in Lokapaksa Village, Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a public health importance in the world. It causes hospitalization, death of patients, and high healthcare costs. This study aimed to describe factors associated mosquito larvae eradication and early management of DHF among poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study carried out in poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. The study subjects included 30 household heads and village heads. The data were colected by focus group discussion, indepth interview, and direct observation. RESULTS: Outbreak of DHF occurred in Bali. In January 2016, 4 patients died from DHF. In 2015, according to the Provincial Health Office, there were 910 DHF cases, of which 262 cases occured in Buleleng, 245 cases occured in Gianyar districts. The response to new cases by clinics and community health centers was often late. Most of the villagers had low level of knowledge in mosquito larva eradication and early mana-gement of DHF. Mosquito larvae were found in about half of the houses surveyed. All of the household studied threw garbage in the backyard of houses. Health personnels had ever implemented fogging. CONCLUSIONS: The villagers had low level of knowledge and poor practice in mosquito larva eradication and early management of DHF. Environment sanitation was poor. Health care system had late response in the incidence of new cases. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, mosquito larvae, larva eradication, early case managemen

Human Behaviour in Keeping Dogs and Its Relationship to Rabies

This study was a qualitative study that conducted in Bali, Indonesia. Bali has been an endemic of rabies since 2008. Many factors have been related to rabies. One of them is human behavior. This research was focused on human behavior in keeping dogs and its relationship to rabies. The study was conducted in 3 villages at Buleleng regency where positive rabies dogs have been found in 2017. There was a high population of dogs in the villages, and most of them lived wildly. Data were collected through document review, interview, and direct observation. After being collected, they were analyzed using content analysis. Results of this research show that most of the villagers had been aware of rabies, but has got poor knowledge about it. They did not know how to prevent it, especially on how to threat wound caused by rabies dogs\u27 bite. Furthermore, the villagers did not give any vaccine to their dogs. They only waited for the vaccine officer from the government to come to their house. The main problems in preventing rabies, related to human behavior, based on this research are: 1) lack of village\u27s leaders involvement, especially in controlling and administering prevention program, 2) lack of people respond in controlling dogs population and dogs mobility, 3) lack of active participation of dogs owners to vaccinate their dogs and 4) lack of people knowledge about PEP procedures

Development of Health Promotion Media to Control Rabies Case in Bali

Background: Rabies is one of the deadly Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Rabies spread in Bali since 2008. In 2016, a rabies-positive dog was found in 41 villages in Buleleng District. Until now there is no cure for rabies, therefore prevention efforts through health promotion are very necessary. The aim of this study was to develop family-based health promotion media to control rabies. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative development study conducted in Buleleng District, Bali from January to February 2018. A Sample of 20 families who had dogs in Buleleng was selected for the study. In addition, the key informants included representatives of the health service, the livestock and agriculture service, village apparatus, and religious leaders. The development of the promotion media proceeded in five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis phase aimed to assess need of health promotion. The design and development stages aimed to make a blueprint of media for health promotion. It also tested the media by doctors. The implementation and evaluation stages aimed to test by the users for its benefits. The data were collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). Results: A family-based health promotion media has been developed. The promotional media is called “Rabies Eradication Package” which consisted of (1) Rabies Eradication Book, (2) Card History of anti-rabies vaccine (VAR) and (3) Rabies Eradication Box. Rabies Eradication Book was a book containing all the information about rabies prevention. The VAR History Card was used to record the VAR schedule. Rabies Eradication Box is a box that contains a dog bite wound treatment tool. The package was given for 1 month. Before the rabies eradication package, only 2 families (10%) knew how to prevent rabies through post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). At the end of the intervention, 20 families (100%) knew the correct PEP action. Conclusion: Rabies Eradication Package “consists of Rabies Eradication Book, VAR History Card (anti-rabies vaccine) and Rabies Eradication Box can increase family knowledge about PEP actions. Keywords: rabies, intervention, health promotion media, family-base

Health-Related Sexual Behavior among Transgenders in Singaraja, Bali

BACKGROUND: The existence of persons with trans-genders orienta-tion (waria) is undeniable. Usually trans-genders are at risk for sexual transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS do to their sexual behavior. This study aimed to describe health related sexual behavior among persons with trans-gender orientation in Singaraja, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted in Singaraja, Bali. The data was obtained from the trans-genders by in-depth interview and observation. RESULTS: The trans-genders participated actively in social event and campaign related to HIV/AIDS prevention and control. However, they had high-risk sexual behavior, such as doing oral sex, anal sex, and squeeze sex. Only 80% used condoms during sexual intercourse. The trans-genders rarely checked up for reproductive health provided by the District Health Office in Singaraja, Bali. They were reluctant to be examined by female doctors. CONCLUCION: The trans-genders in Singaraja, Bali, still have high-risk sexual behavior. The rarely use reproduction health services provided by the government, among others because they are not comfortable to be examine by female doctors. Keywords: waria, trans-genders, sexual behavior, reproduction healt

Implementasi Metode Bag of Visual Words Dalam Pengenalan Citra Masker Pada Wajah

Covid-19 merupakan salah satu pandemi yang melanda dunia saat ini termasuk juga Indonesia sampai tulisan ini dibuat. Untuk itu pemerintah membuat kebijakan guna meminimalisir penyebaran virus Covid-19, salah satunya adalah penggunaan masker. Masker digunakan untuk mencegah penularan virus Covid-19 melalui percikan saat batuk ataupun bersin antar manusia. Oleh karena itu penggunaan masker menjadi sangat penting untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari saat keluar rumah.  Dalam hal ini diperlukan sebuah deteksi penggunaan masker pada wajah untuk mengetahui apakah orang tersebut menggunakan masker atau tidak. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penerapan metode  Bag of Visual Word dalam melakukan pengenalan citra masker pada wajah. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 1600 sampel dimana terdiri dari 1000 sampel data pelatihan dan 600 sampel data pengujian. Dari hasil pelatihan diperoleh tingkat akurasi sebesar 94.5% dan proses pengujian memperoleh tingkat akurasi sebesar 85%